Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist a

题目内容：

Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist(微生物学家), invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process. But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation(发酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.

The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(婴儿腹泻)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.

小题1:Pasteur became ___________ in 1854.

A．the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille

B．the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille

C．the general manager of a large beer-making company

D．the president of the University of Lille小题2:According to the passage, Lille was a major center for ___________ in the mid-19th century.

A．growing grain crops

B．making beer and wine

C．doing chemical research

D．producing various kinds of yeasts小题3:In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to ___________.

A．wine and beer

B．food and drinks

C．the various yeasts

D．other organisms小题4:We can infer from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery __________.

A．is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products

B．did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille

C．has done a lot of good to children in the world

D．has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world小题5:According to the passage, we know it isthat causes food and drinks to go bad.

A．a purely chemical process.

B．tiny living organisms(微生物)

C．keeping them in airtight containers.

D．the heating process

最佳答案：

小题1:A

小题2:B

小题3:B

小题4:C

小题5:B

答案解析：

文章介绍Louis Pasteur通过实验证明微小的活的微生物会让食物变质，如果要保鲜食物和饮料可以将它们放在真空的容器中，这项发现对孩子的健康有很大好处。

小题1:细节题：从文章第一段的句子：In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille,可知Pasteur在1854年的时候，成为Lille大学科学系的主席，选A

小题2:细节题：从第一段的句子：可知Lille大学在19世纪是制作啤酒和烈性酒的中心。Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh.选B

小题3:猜词题：从第一段的句子：He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air,可知食物和饮料会被空气中的微生物弄坏，而它们如果放在真空的容器中就会保鲜，they指的是食品和饮料，选B

小题4:推理题：从文章第二段的句子：The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(婴儿腹泻)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products.可以推断出：Pasteur 的发现对世界上的儿童有很大的好处，选C

小题5:细节题：从第一段的句子：But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad.可知微小的活的微生物会让食物变质，选B

考点核心：

人物传记类文章的文体特征：

人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。